What are emotions? What are their functions? What are their brain mechanisms?

 

Greg Detre

Monday, 19 June, 2000

Prof. Rolls � B&B Emotion

 

Essay - emotion�� 1

Structure1

Introduction�� 1

Main�� 1

Conclusion�� 1

Points1

Phenomenology2

My list of emotions2

Questions3

 

 

Structure

 

Introduction

function: God-given (like reason???), to elevate man above the animals???

 

Main

 

Conclusion

 

 

Points

emotions as value-giver???

LeDoux � the emotion reaction is the immediate direct connection, e.g. from the auditory thalamus � (at least partially) separate from the cortically-mediated signal, which forms the rational, considered component of our actions

hence there may be emotional responses made without cognitive participation, and emotional memories + impressions of which we are not fully aware

the more intense the amygdala arousal, the stronger the imprint, i.e. emotionally-charged memories are remembered better

 

Phenomenology

discussion of emotions is one where the evolutionary/scientific and the literary/folk-psychology dichotomy seems most marked � there is an abiding reluctance to relegate our most intense and sublime displays of seemingly sublime phenomenology to a biological drive

still leaves the question (one related to consciousness) of where the phenomenology derives from � why/how is that when our limbic system goes into overdrive we are wracked with feelings of sadness, anger or frustration?

rather than, as Descartes put it, simply intellectually aware �as a sailor in his ship�

why don�t we simply have a sense of excess salt levels etc., as opposed to the prickling, driving qualia of thirst

perhaps the answer is simply of potency � that the phenomenology somehow compels us where mere set-points, as in a thermostat, are insufficient

perhaps it�s a question of flexibility � when an organism has evolved what amounts to, in nature, complete free will (the ability to act in a (seemingly) independent manner, without reference to (immediate/comprehensible) external/environmental compulsion/stimuli, within its physical limitations) � it can literally act as it likes � you need something which doesn�t necessitate, but does drive, the organism to act in accordance with its crucial homeostatic drives

 

My list of emotions

anger

happiness (joy/euphoria), contentment

sadness, depression

fear

disgust, horror, contempt

awe, respect

frustration, disappointment

hunger/thirst/sex/sleep etc., i.e. motivations

curiosity, excitement, puzzlement

amusement, humour, laughter, irony

embarrassment, shame, guilt

pain, itch, tickle

love

hatred

friendship

nervousness

anticipation

memory

sympathy, pity, tragedy, empathy?

colour

revenge

jealousy, envy

pride

indignant

 

 

Definition

a separate modality; indefinable in terms of something else

 

OED

emotion /I"m@US(@)n/ n. & v.

m16. [Fr. �tion, f. �uvoir excite, move the feelings of (after mouvoir, motion), ult. f. L emovere, f. e- e- + movere move.]

A ������� n. 1 A public disturbance; a commotion. m16�m18.

�2 ������ A migration; a change of position. Only in 17.

b �������� A physical agitation or disturbance. l17�e19.

3 �������� Agitation of mind; strong mental feeling. m17.

4 �������� Any of the natural instinctive affections of the mind (e.g. love, horror, pity) which come and go according to one�s personality, experiences, and bodily state; a mental feeling. Also, mental feeling as distinguished from knowledge and from will. e19.

2b ����� shelley The winds of heaven mix forever With a sweet emotion.

3 �������� g. huntington The colonel announced with emotion that this was the happiest day of his life.

4 �������� a. storr Those who..have had a relationship in which their emotions have not been deeply involved.

������������ m. amis Without a trace of hatred or anger or surprise or any emotion I have felt myself.

������������ j. hilton He had shown so little emotion about anything.

B ������� v.t. Make emotional; imbue with emotion. l18.

������������ emotionless a. m19.

������������ emotionlessly adv. e20.

������������ emotionlessness n. e20.

 

Questions

difference between primary/secondary reinforcers

difference between motivation/emotion/mood (state) etc.?

can flatness of affect be a sort of emotional state, or is it simply an absence of/diminished positive emotional state